The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Section 1. Short title, commencement and application

This Act may be called the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may,
by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.

Section 2. Definitions

In this Sanhita, unless the context otherwise requires,—
“act” denotes as well a series of acts as a single act;
“animal” means any living creature other than a human being.

Section 3. General explanations

Throughout this Sanhita every definition of an offence,
every penal provision and every illustration shall be
understood subject to the general exceptions.

Section 4. Punishments

The punishments to which offenders are liable under the provisions
of this Sanhita include various forms of imprisonment, fines,
and other penalties as provided herein.

Section 5. Commutation of sentence

The appropriate Government may, without the consent of the offender,
commute a sentence of punishment to a lesser punishment
as provided under this Sanhita.

Section 6. Fractions of terms of punishment

In calculating fractions of terms of punishment,
imprisonment for life shall be reckoned as imprisonment
for a specified term as provided by law.

Section 7. Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple

Where imprisonment is awarded, it may be wholly rigorous
or partly rigorous and partly simple, as the Court directs.

Section 8. Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.

Where no sum is expressed to which a fine may extend,
the amount of fine shall be unlimited but not excessive.

Section 9. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences

Where an offence is made up of parts, each of which is itself an offence,
the offender shall not be punished with a more severe punishment
than the court is competent to inflict for any one of such offences.

Section 10. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which

Where a person is convicted of one of several offences,
and it is doubtful which offence has been committed,
the court may pass judgment accordingly.

Section 11. Solitary confinement

Solitary confinement may be awarded in certain cases
subject to the conditions and limitations provided by law.

Section 12. Limit of solitary confinement

The duration and extent of solitary confinement
shall be subject to the limits prescribed under this Sanhita.

Section 13. Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction

Where a person is previously convicted of an offence
and commits the same offence again,
enhanced punishment may be imposed as provided by law.

Section 14. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law

Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is, or who by reason of a mistake of fact
and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith believes himself to be, bound by law to do it.

Section 15. Act of Judge when acting judicially

Nothing is an offence which is done by a Judge when acting judicially
in the exercise of any power which is, or which in good faith he believes
to be, given to him by law.

Section 16. Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court

Nothing which is done in pursuance of, or which is warranted by the judgment
or order of, a Court; if done whilst such judgment or order remains in force,
is an offence, notwithstanding the Court may have had no jurisdiction to pass
such judgment or order, provided the person doing the act in good faith believes
that the Court had such jurisdiction.

Section 17. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law

Nothing is an offence which is done by any person who is justified by law,
or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law
in good faith, believes himself to be justified by law, in doing it.

Section 18. Accident in doing a lawful act

Nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune,
and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing
of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with
proper care and caution.

Section 19. Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm

Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done with the knowledge
that it is likely to cause harm, if it be done without any criminal intention
to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventing or avoiding
other harm to person or property.

Section 20. Act of a child under seven years of age

Nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age.

Section 21. Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding

Nothing is an offence which is done by a child above seven years of age and under
twelve years of age, who has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding
to judge of the nature and consequences of his conduct on that occasion.

Section 22. Act of a person of unsound mind

Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it,
by reason of unsoundness of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act,
or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law.

Section 23. Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will

Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it,
by reason of intoxication, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act,
or that he is doing what is either wrong, or contrary to law; provided that
the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge
or against his will.

Section 24. Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated

In cases where an act done is not an offence unless done with a particular
knowledge or intent, a person who does the act in a state of intoxication
shall be liable to be dealt with as if he had the same knowledge as he would
have had if he had not been intoxicated, unless the thing which intoxicated
him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will.

Section 25. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent

Nothing which is not intended to cause death, or grievous hurt, and which is not known
by the doer to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, is an offence by reason of any
harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, to any person, above
eighteen years of age, who has given consent, whether express or implied, to suffer that
harm; or by reason of any harm which it may be known by the doer to be likely to cause
to any such person who has consented to take the risk of that harm.

Section 26. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit

Nothing, which is not intended to cause death, is an offence by reason of any harm
which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, or be known by the doer
to be likely to cause, to any person for whose benefit it is done in good faith,
and who has given a consent, whether express or implied, to suffer that harm, or
to take the risk of that harm.

Section 27. Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian

Nothing which is done in good faith for the benefit of a person under twelve
years of age, or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent, either express or
implied, of the guardian or other person having lawful charge of that person,
is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the
doer to cause or be known by the doer to be likely to cause to that person.

Section 28. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception

A consent is not such a consent as is intended by any section of this Sanhita,
if the consent is given by a person under fear of injury, or under a misconception
of fact, and if the person doing the act knows, or has reason to believe, that
the consent was given in consequence of such fear or misconception….

Section 29. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused

The exceptions in sections 25, 26 and 27 do not extend to acts which are offences
independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be
known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent….

Section 30. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent

Nothing is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause to a person
for whose benefit it is done in good faith, even without that person’s consent,
if the circumstances are such that it is impossible for that person to signify
consent, or if that person is incapable of giving consent….

Section 31. Communication made in good faith

No communication made in good faith is an offence by reason of any harm
to the person to whom it is made, if it is made for the benefit
of that person….

Section 32. Act to which a person is compelled by threats

Except murder, and offences against the State punishable with death,
nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is compelled
to do it by threats, which at the time reasonably cause apprehension
of instant death….

Section 33. Act causing slight harm

Nothing is an offence by reason that it causes, or that it is intended
to cause, or that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm,
if that harm is so slight that no person of ordinary sense and temper
would complain of such harm….

Section 34. Things done in private defence

Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise
of the right of private defence….

Section 35. Right of private defence of body and of property

Every person has a right, subject to the restrictions
contained in section 37, to defend his own body,
and the body of any other person, against any offence
affecting the human body….

Section 36. Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.

When an act, which would otherwise be a certain offence,
is not that offence by reason of the youth, want of maturity
of understanding, unsoundness of mind or intoxication
of the person doing that act….

Section 37. Acts against which there is no right of private defence

There is no right of private defence against an act which does not
reasonably cause the apprehension of death or of grievous hurt,
if done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant acting in good faith
under colour of his office….

Section 38. When right of private defence of body extends to causing death

The right of private defence of the body extends, under the restrictions
mentioned in section 37, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other
harm to the assailant, if the offence which occasions the exercise of the
right be of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated….

Section 39. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death

If the offence be not of any of the descriptions enumerated in the last
preceding section, the right of private defence of the body does not
extend to the voluntary causing of death to the assailant, but does extend,
under the restrictions mentioned in section 37, to the voluntary causing
to the assailant of any harm other than death….

Section 40. Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body

The right of private defence of the body commences as soon as a reasonable
apprehension of danger to the body arises from an attempt or threat to
commit the offence, though the offence may not have been committed,
and it continues as long as such apprehension of danger to the body
continues….

Section 41. When right of private defence of property extends to causing death

The right of private defence of property extends, under the restrictions
mentioned in section 37, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other
harm to the wrong-doer, if the offence which occasions the exercise of the
right be of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated….

Section 42. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death

If the offence be not of any of the descriptions enumerated in the last
preceding section, the right of private defence of property does not
extend to the voluntary causing of death to the wrong-doer, but does extend,
under the restrictions mentioned in section 37, to the voluntary causing to
the wrong-doer of any harm other than death….

Section 43. Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property

The right of private defence of property commences when a reasonable
apprehension of danger to the property commences, and it continues
as long as such apprehension of danger to the property continues….

Section 44. Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person

If in the exercise of the right of private defence against an assault
which reasonably causes the apprehension of death, the defender
is so situated that he cannot effectually exercise that right without
risk of harm to an innocent person, his right of private defence
extends to the running of that risk….

Section 45. Abetment of a thing

A person abets the doing of a thing, who—
(a) instigates any person to do that thing; or….

Section 46. Abettor

A person who abets the commission of an offence is called an abettor….

Section 47. Abetment in India of offences outside India

A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Sanhita who, in India,
abets the commission of any act outside India which would constitute an offence….

Section 48. Abetment outside India for offence in India

A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Sanhita who, outside India,
abets the commission of any act in India which would constitute an offence….

Section 49. Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment

Whoever abets any offence shall, if the act abetted is committed in consequence
of the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Sanhita for the punishment….

Section 50. Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor

Whoever abets the commission of an offence shall, if the person abetted commits
that offence with an intention or knowledge different from that of the abettor….

Section 51. Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done

When an act is abetted and a different act is done, the abettor is liable
for the act done in the same manner as if he had abetted that act….

Section 52. Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done

If the act for which the abettor is liable under section 51 is itself an offence,
he shall be liable to cumulative punishment for both the offences….

Section 53. Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor

When an act abetted causes a different effect from that intended by the abettor,
the abettor is liable for the effect caused if he knew it to be likely….

Section 54. Abettor present when offence is committed

Whenever any person who abets an offence is present when the offence is committed,
he shall be deemed to have committed such offence….

Section 55. Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life

Whoever abets the commission of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment
for life, shall, if that offence be not committed, be punished with imprisonment….

Section 56. Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment

Whoever abets the commission of an offence punishable with imprisonment shall,
if that offence be not committed, be punished with imprisonment….

Section 57. Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons

Whoever abets the commission of an offence by the public generally, or by any
number or class of persons exceeding ten, shall be punished….

Section 58. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life

Whoever, intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby
facilitate the commission of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life….

Section 59. Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent

Whoever, being a public servant, and intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely
that he will thereby facilitate the commission of an offence which it is his duty to prevent….

Section 60. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment

Whoever, intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby
facilitate the commission of an offence punishable with imprisonment….

Section 61. Criminal conspiracy

When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done,
an illegal act, or an act which is not illegal by illegal means….

Section 62. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment

Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment for life
or imprisonment, or to cause such an offence to be committed….

Section 63. Rape

A man is said to commit “rape” if he—
(a) penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a woman….

Section 64. Punishment for rape

Whoever commits rape shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment
for a term which shall not be less than ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life….

Section 65. Punishment for rape in certain cases

Whoever commits rape on a woman under eighteen years of age
shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years….

Section 66. Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim

Whoever, in the course of committing rape, inflicts an injury
which causes the death of the woman or causes the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state….

Section 67. Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation

Whoever has sexual intercourse with his own wife, who is living separately,
whether under a decree of separation or otherwise, without her consent….

Section 68. Sexual intercourse by a person in authority

Whoever, being in a position of authority or in a fiduciary relationship,
induces or seduces any woman under his authority to have sexual intercourse….

Section 69. Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.

Whoever, by deceitful means or by making promise to marry a woman without
any intention of fulfilling the same, has sexual intercourse with her….

Section 70. Gang rape

Where a woman is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting
in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed rape….

Section 71. Punishment for repeat offenders

Whoever has been previously convicted of an offence punishable under
section 64 or section 65 or section 66 or section 70 and is subsequently
convicted of an offence punishable under any of the said sections….

Section 72. Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.

Whoever prints or publishes the name or any matter which may make known
the identity of any person against whom an offence under section 64 or
section 65 or section 66 or section 67 or section 68 or section 69 or
section 70 or section 71 is alleged or found to have been committed….

Section 73. Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission

Whoever prints or publishes any matter in relation to any proceeding
before a Court with respect to an offence referred to in section 72
without the previous permission of such Court….

Section 74. Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman, intending to outrage
or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby outrage her modesty….

Section 75. Sexual harassment

A man committing any of the following acts—
(i) physical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures; or….

Section 76. Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman or abets such act
with the intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked….

Section 77. Voyeurism

Any man who watches, or captures the image of a woman engaging in a private act
in circumstances where she would usually have the expectation of not being observed….

Section 78. Stalking

Any man who follows a woman and contacts, or attempts to contact such woman
to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest….

Section 79. Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman

Whoever, intending to insult the modesty of any woman, utters any word,
makes any sound or gesture, or exhibits any object, intending that such word or sound
shall be heard, or that such gesture or object shall be seen, by such woman….

Section 80. Dowry death

Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs
otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage….

Section 81. Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage

Any man who by deceit causes any woman who is not lawfully married to him
to believe that she is lawfully married to him and to cohabit or have sexual intercourse with him….

Section 82. Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife

Whoever, having a husband or wife living, marries in any case in which such marriage is void
by reason of its taking place during the life of such husband or wife….

Section 83. Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage

Whoever dishonestly or with a fraudulent intention goes through the ceremony of being married,
knowing that he is not thereby lawfully married….

Section 84. Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman

Whoever entices or takes away or detains with criminal intent any woman
who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of any other man….

Section 85. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty

Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman,
subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished….

Section 86. Cruelty defined

For the purposes of section 85, “cruelty” means—
(a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide
or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health….

Section 87. Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc

Whoever kidnaps or abducts any woman with intent that she may be compelled,
or knowing it to be likely that she will be compelled, to marry any person
against her will, or in order that she may be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse….

Section 88. Causing miscarriage

Whoever voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry shall, if such miscarriage
be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman….

Section 89. Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent

Whoever commits the offence defined in section 88 without the consent of the woman,
whether the woman is quick with child or not….

Section 90. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage

Whoever, with intent to cause miscarriage of a woman with child, does any act
which causes the death of such woman….

Section 91. Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth

Whoever, before the birth of any child, does any act with the intention of thereby
preventing that child from being born alive, or causing it to die after its birth….

Section 92. Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide

Whoever causes the death of a quick unborn child by doing any act amounting
to culpable homicide shall be punished….

Section 93. Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it

Whoever, being the father or mother of a child under twelve years of age,
or having the care of such child, shall expose or leave such child in any place
with the intention of wholly abandoning such child….

Section 94. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body

Whoever secretly buries or otherwise disposes of the dead body of a child,
whether such child died before or after or during its birth, with the intention
of concealing the birth of such child….

Section 95. Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence

Whoever hires, employs or engages any child to commit any offence shall be punished….

Section 96. Procuration of child

Whoever takes or entices any child under the age of eighteen years
with intent that such child may be employed or used for the purposes of prostitution
or illicit intercourse with any person….

Section 97. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person

Whoever kidnaps or abducts any child under ten years of age with intent
to take dishonestly any movable property from the person of such child….

Section 98. Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

Whoever sells, lets to hire, or otherwise disposes of any child
with intent that such child shall at any age be employed or used
for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person….

Section 99. Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

Whoever buys, hires or otherwise obtains possession of any child
with intent that such child shall at any age be employed or used
for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person….

Section 100. Culpable homicide

Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death,
or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death,
or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death….

Section 101. Murder

Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder,
if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death….

Section 102. Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended

If a person, by doing anything which he intends or knows to be likely to cause death,
causes the death of any person whose death he neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause….

Section 103. Punishment for murder

Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death or imprisonment for life,
and shall also be liable to fine….

Section 104. Punishment for murder by life-convict

Whoever, being under sentence of imprisonment for life,
commits murder, shall be punished with death….

Section 105. Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder

Whoever commits culpable homicide not amounting to murder
shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine….

Section 106. Causing death by negligence

Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any negligent act
not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished….

Section 107. Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind

If any person under eighteen years of age, or any person of unsound mind,
commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide shall be punished….

Section 108. Abetment of suicide

If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,
and shall also be liable to fine….

Section 109. Attempt to murder

Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge, and under such circumstances
that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of murder,
shall be punished….

Section 110. Attempt to commit culpable homicide

Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge and under such circumstances
that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of culpable homicide not amounting to murder,
shall be punished….

Section 111. Organised crime

Whoever commits the offence of organised crime shall be punished
with death or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine….

Section 112. Petty organised crime

Whoever commits petty organised crime shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years,
and shall also be liable to fine….

Section 113. Terrorist act

Whoever commits a terrorist act with intent to threaten or likely to threaten
the unity, integrity, security or sovereignty of India, or to strike terror
in the people or any section of the people….

Section 114. Hurt

Whoever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person
is said to cause hurt….

Section 115. Voluntarily causing hurt

Whoever does any act with the intention of thereby causing hurt to any person,
or with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause hurt to any person….

Section 116. Grievous hurt

The following kinds of hurt only are designated as grievous:—
First—Emasculation.
Secondly—Permanent privation of the sight of either eye….

Section 117. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt

Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years,
and shall also be liable to fine….

Section 118. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means

Whoever voluntarily causes hurt or grievous hurt by means of any instrument
for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or any instrument which, used as a weapon of offence,
is likely to cause death….

Section 119. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act

Whoever voluntarily causes hurt or grievous hurt for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer
or any person interested in the sufferer any property or valuable security,
or of constraining the sufferer or any person interested in the sufferer to do anything illegal….

Section 120. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property

Whoever voluntarily causes hurt or grievous hurt for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer
or any person interested in the sufferer any confession or any information
which may lead to the detection of an offence or misconduct….

Section 121. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty

Whoever voluntarily causes hurt or grievous hurt to any person being a public servant
in the discharge of his duty as such public servant,
or with intent to prevent or deter that person from discharging his duty….

Section 122. Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation

Whoever voluntarily causes hurt or grievous hurt on grave and sudden provocation,
if he neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause death….

Section 123. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence

Whoever administers to or causes to be taken by any person any poison
or any stupefying, intoxicating or unwholesome drug or other thing
with intent to cause hurt to such person or with intent to commit or facilitate the commission of an offence….

Section 124. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.

Whoever causes permanent or partial damage or deformity to, or burns or maims or disfigures
or disables any part of the body of a person by throwing acid on or by administering acid….

Section 125. Act endangering life or personal safety of others

Whoever does any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life
or the personal safety of others….

Section 126. Wrongful restraint

Whoever voluntarily obstructs any person so as to prevent that person
from proceeding in any direction in which that person has a right to proceed….

Section 127. Wrongful confinement

Whoever wrongfully restrains any person in such a manner as to prevent that person
from proceeding beyond certain circumscribing limits….

Section 128. Force

A person is said to use force to another if he causes motion,
change of motion or cessation of motion to that other….

Section 129. Criminal force

Whoever intentionally uses force to any person, without that person’s consent,
in order to the committing of any offence….

Section 130. Assault

Whoever makes any gesture, or any preparation intending or knowing it to be likely
that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend….

Section 131. Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation….

Section 132. Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person being a public servant
in the execution of his duty as such public servant,
or with intent to prevent or deter that person from discharging his duty….

Section 133. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person,
intending thereby to dishonour that person,
otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation….

Section 134. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person
in attempting to commit theft of any property which that person is then wearing or carrying….

Section 135. Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person
in attempting wrongfully to confine that person….

Section 136. Assault or criminal force on grave provocation

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person on grave and sudden provocation
given by that person….

Section 137. Kidnapping

Whoever takes or entices any minor or any person of unsound mind
out of the keeping of the lawful guardian without the consent of such guardian….

Section 138. Abduction

Whoever by force compels, or by any deceitful means induces,
any person to go from any place….

Section 139. Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging

Whoever kidnaps any child or, not being the lawful guardian of a child,
obtains the custody of the child in order that such child may be employed or used
for the purpose of begging….

Section 140. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.

Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be murdered
or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being murdered….

Section 141. Importation of girl or boy from foreign country

Whoever imports into India from any country outside India any girl or boy
under the age of eighteen years with intent that such girl or boy shall be,
or knowing it to be likely that such girl or boy will be, forced or seduced
to illicit intercourse….

Section 142. Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person

Whoever, knowing that any person has been kidnapped or has been abducted,
wrongfully conceals or confines such person….

Section 143. Trafficking of person

Whoever, for the purpose of exploitation, recruits, transports, harbours, transfers,
or receives a person by using threats, force, coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power or inducement….

Section 144. Exploitation of a trafficked person

Whoever knowingly or having reason to believe that a person has been trafficked,
engages such person for sexual exploitation or slavery or servitude or forced labour….

Section 145. Habitual dealing in slaves

Whoever habitually imports, exports, removes, buys, sells, traffics or deals in slaves….

Section 146. Unlawful compulsory labour

Whoever unlawfully compels any person to labour against the will of that person….

Section 147. Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India

Whoever wages war against the Government of India,
or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war….

Section 148. Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147

Whoever within or without India conspires to commit any of the offences punishable by section 147….

Section 149. Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India

Whoever collects men, arms or ammunition or otherwise prepares to wage war
with the intention of waging war against the Government of India….

Section 150. Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war

Whoever by any act or illegal omission conceals the existence of a design to wage war
against the Government of India….

Section 151. Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power

Whoever assaults or wrongfully restrains, or attempts to wrongfully restrain,
the President of India or the Governor of a State,
with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power….

Section 152. Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India

Whoever purposely or knowingly, by words either spoken or written,
or by signs, or by visible representation,
or by electronic communication or by use of financial means….

Section 153. Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India

Whoever wages war against the Government of any foreign State
at peace with the Government of India,
or attempts to wage such war….

Section 154. Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India

Whoever commits depredation, or makes preparations to commit depredation,
on the territories of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India….

Section 155. Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154

Whoever receives any property knowing the same to have been taken
in the commission of any of the offences mentioned in sections 153 and 154….

Section 156. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape

Whoever, being a public servant, voluntarily suffers any prisoner of State
or prisoner of war to escape from confinement….

Section 157. Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape

Whoever, being a public servant, negligently suffers any prisoner of State
or prisoner of war to escape from confinement….

Section 158. Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner

Whoever aids or assists any prisoner of State or prisoner of war in escaping,
or rescues or attempts to rescue such prisoner….

Section 159. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty

Whoever abets the committing of mutiny by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman,
or attempts to seduce any such person from his allegiance or his duty….

Section 160. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof

Whoever abets the committing of mutiny by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman,
if mutiny is committed in consequence of that abetment….

Section 161. Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office

Whoever abets an assault committed by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman
on his superior officer, when that officer is in the execution of his office….

Section 162. Abetment of such assault, if assault committed

Whoever abets the assault mentioned in section 161,
if the assault is committed in consequence of the abetment….

Section 163. Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman

Whoever abets the desertion of any officer, soldier, sailor or airman
in the Army, Navy or Air Force of India….

Section 164. Harbouring deserter

Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an officer, soldier,
sailor or airman has deserted, harbours or conceals such deserter….

Section 165. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master

The master or person in charge of a merchant vessel on board of which
any deserter from the Army, Navy or Air Force of India is concealed,
through negligence or misconduct….

Section 166. Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman

Whoever abets what he knows to be an act of insubordination
by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman….

Section 167. Persons subject to certain Acts

No person subject to the Army Act, the Navy Act or the Air Force Act
shall be punished under this Sanhita for any of the offences defined in this Chapter….

Section 168. Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman

Whoever, not being a soldier, sailor or airman,
wears any garb or carries any token resembling that used by such person
with the intention that it may be believed he is such soldier, sailor or airman….

Section 169. Candidate, electoral right defined

In this Chapter—
(a) “candidate” means a person who has been nominated as a candidate
at any election;
(b) “electoral right” means the right of a person to stand, or not to stand,
as, or to withdraw from being, a candidate….

Section 170. Bribery

Whoever gives a gratification to any person with the object of inducing him
or any other person to exercise any electoral right
or of rewarding any person for having exercised any such right….

Section 171. Undue influence at elections

Whoever voluntarily interferes or attempts to interfere with the free exercise
of any electoral right commits the offence of undue influence at an election….

Section 172. Personation at elections

Whoever at an election applies for a voting paper or votes in the name
of any other person whether living or dead,
or in a fictitious name….

Section 173. Punishment for bribery

Whoever commits the offence of bribery shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year,
or with fine, or with both….

Section 174. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election

Whoever commits the offence of undue influence or personation at an election
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both….

Section 175. False statement in connection with an election

Whoever makes or publishes any statement of fact which is false
and which he either knows or believes to be false
or does not believe to be true,
in relation to the personal character or conduct of any candidate….

Section 176. Illegal payments in connection with an election

Whoever, without the general or special authority in writing of a candidate,
incurs or authorises expenses on account of the holding of any public meeting,
or upon any advertisement, circular or publication….

Section 177. Failure to keep election accounts

Whoever, being required by law to keep accounts of expenses
incurred at or in connection with an election,
fails to keep such accounts….

Section 178. Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes

Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process
of counterfeiting any coin, Government stamp, currency-note or bank-note….

Section 179. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes

Whoever sells to, or buys or receives from, any other person,
or otherwise traffics or uses as genuine,
any forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-note or bank-note….

Section 180. Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes

Whoever has in his possession any forged or counterfeit coin,
Government stamp, currency-note or bank-note,
knowing or having reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit….

Section 181. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes

Whoever makes or mends, or performs any part of the process
of making or mending, or buys or sells or disposes of,
any instrument or material for the purpose of being used….

Section 182. Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes

Whoever makes, causes to be made, or uses for any purpose whatsoever,
any document so nearly resembling any currency-note or bank-note….

Section 183. Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government

Whoever fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to Government
effaces any writing from any substance bearing a Government stamp….

Section 184. Using Government stamp known to have been before used

Whoever fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to Government
uses for any purpose a Government stamp which he knows
to have been before used….

Section 185. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used

Whoever erases or removes from any substance or document
any mark denoting that a Government stamp has been used,
with intent to cause loss to Government….

Section 186. Prohibition of fictitious stamps

Whoever makes, issues, circulates or uses any fictitious stamp
for the purpose of denoting any rate of postage or duty….

Section 187. Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law

Whoever, being employed in any mint, causes any coin to be
of a different weight or composition from that fixed by law,
knowing that such coin is likely to be issued from the mint….

Section 188. Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint

Whoever, without lawful authority, takes out of any mint
any coining instrument,
knowing the same to be a coining instrument….

Section 189. Unlawful assembly

An assembly of five or more persons is designated an unlawful assembly,
if the common object of the persons composing that assembly is—
to overawe by criminal force the Central Government or any State Government….

Section 190. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object

If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly
in prosecution of the common object of that assembly,
every person who is a member of the same assembly….

Section 191. Rioting

Whenever force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly,
or by any member thereof, in prosecution of the common object
of such assembly….

Section 192. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot—if rioting be committed; if not committed

Whoever malignantly, or wantonly, by doing anything which is illegal,
gives provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely
that such provocation will cause the offence of rioting….

Section 193. Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place

Whenever an unlawful assembly or riot takes place upon land
in the possession of any person….

Section 194. Affray

When two or more persons, by fighting in a public place,
disturb the public peace,
they are said to commit an affray….

Section 195. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.

Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any public servant,
or obstructs such public servant in the discharge of his duty
in endeavouring to disperse an unlawful assembly or suppress a riot….

Section 196. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony

Whoever by words, either spoken or written, or by signs,
or by visible representations or through electronic communication,
promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race,
place of birth, residence, language….

Section 197. Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration

Whoever by words, either spoken or written, or by signs,
or by visible representations or otherwise,
makes or publishes any imputation that any class of persons….

Section 198. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person

Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law
as to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant,
intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause,
injury to any person….

Section 199. Public servant disobeying direction under law

Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction
of law which prohibits him from requiring the attendance at any place
of any person for the purpose of investigation….

Section 200. Punishment for non-treatment of victim

Whoever, being a public servant, fails to provide medical treatment
to a victim as required by law….

Section 201. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury

Whoever, being a public servant charged with the preparation
of any record or other writing, knowingly frames that record
or writing in a manner which he knows to be incorrect….

Section 202. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade

Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound not to engage
in trade, engages in trade….

Section 203. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property

Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound not to purchase
or bid for certain property, purchases or bids for that property….

Section 204. Personating a public servant

Whoever pretends to hold any particular office as a public servant,
knowing that he does not hold such office….

Section 205. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

Whoever wears any garb or carries any token resembling any garb
or token used by a public servant with the intention that it may
be believed that he is such public servant….

Section 206. Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding

Whoever absconds in order to avoid being served with a summons,
notice or order proceeding from any public servant legally competent
as such public servant to issue such summons or notice….

Section 207. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof

Whoever intentionally prevents the serving on himself,
or on any other person, of any summons, notice or order….

Section 208. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant

Whoever, being legally bound to attend in person or by an agent
at a certain place and time in obedience to a summons, notice,
order or proclamation proceeding from any public servant….

Section 209. Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Whoever fails to appear at the specified place and the specified time
as required by a proclamation published under section 84
of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023….

Section 210. Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it

Whoever, being legally bound to produce or deliver up any document
or electronic record to any public servant, as such,
intentionally omits so to produce or deliver up the same….

Section 211. Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it

Whoever, being legally bound to give any notice or to furnish any information
on any subject to any public servant, as such public servant,
intentionally omits to give such notice or to furnish such information….

Section 212. Furnishing false information

Whoever, being legally bound to furnish information on any subject
to any public servant as such, furnishes, as true,
information which he knows or has reason to believe to be false….

Section 213. Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it

Whoever refuses to bind himself by an oath or affirmation
to state the truth, when required so to bind himself
by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall so bind himself….

Section 214. Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question

Whoever, being legally bound to state the truth on any subject
to any public servant, refuses to answer any question demanded of him
by such public servant in the exercise of his lawful powers….

Section 215. Refusing to sign statement

Whoever refuses to sign any statement made by him,
when required to sign that statement by a public servant legally competent
to require that he shall sign that statement….

Section 216. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation

Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or affirmation
to state the truth on any subject to any public servant
or other person authorised to administer such oath or affirmation,
makes any statement which is false….

Section 217. False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person

Whoever gives to any public servant any information
which he knows or believes to be false,
intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely
that he will thereby cause, such public servant….

Section 218. Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant

Whoever offers any resistance to the lawful taking of property
by the authority of any public servant,
knowing that he is acting in the discharge of his official duty….

Section 219. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant

Whoever intentionally obstructs any sale of property
offered for sale by the lawful authority of any public servant….

Section 220. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant

Whoever, being legally bound not to purchase or bid for certain property,
purchases or bids for that property at any sale
by the authority of a public servant….

Section 221. Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions

Whoever voluntarily obstructs any public servant
in the discharge of his public functions….

Section 222. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance

Whoever, being bound by law to render or furnish assistance
to any public servant in the execution of his public duty,
intentionally omits to give such assistance….

Section 223. Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant

Whoever, knowing that, by an order promulgated by a public servant
lawfully empowered to promulgate such order,
he is directed to abstain from a certain act….

Section 224. Threat of injury to public servant

Whoever threatens any public servant with any injury to his person,
reputation or property,
with intent to induce or compel that public servant
to do any act connected with his public functions….

Section 225. Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant

Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person,
reputation or property,
with intent to cause that person to refrain from applying
for protection to any public servant….

Section 226. Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power

Whoever attempts to commit suicide
with intent to compel or restrain any public servant
from exercising his lawful powers….

Section 227. Giving false evidence

Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law
to state the truth, or being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject,
makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false….

Section 228. Fabricating false evidence

Whoever causes any circumstance to exist or makes any false entry
in any book or record, or makes any document or electronic record containing
a false statement, intending that such circumstance, false entry or false statement….

Section 229. Punishment for false evidence

Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any stage of a judicial proceeding,
or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage
of a judicial proceeding….

Section 230. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence

Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause,
or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person
to be convicted of an offence punishable with death….

Section 231. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment

Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause,
or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person
to be convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment for life….

Section 232. Threatening any person to give false evidence

Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property,
or to the person or reputation of anyone in whom that person is interested,
with intent to cause that person to give false evidence….

Section 233. Using evidence known to be false

Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true or genuine evidence
any evidence which he knows to be false or fabricated….

Section 234. Issuing or signing false certificate

Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given
or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law
admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false….

Section 235. Using as true a certificate known to be false

Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as a true certificate
any such certificate as is mentioned in section 234,
knowing the same to be false….

Section 236. False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence

Whoever, in any declaration made or subscribed by him,
which declaration any Court of Justice, or any public servant
or other person, is bound or authorised by law to receive as evidence….

Section 237. Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false

Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true
any such declaration as is mentioned in section 236,
knowing the same to be false….

Section 238. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender

Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been committed,
causes any evidence of the commission of that offence to disappear,
with the intention of screening the offender from legal punishment….

Section 239. Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform

Whoever, being legally bound to give any information respecting an offence,
intentionally omits to give such information,
shall be punished….

Section 240. Giving false information respecting an offence committed

Whoever, knowing or believing that an offence has been committed,
gives any information respecting that offence which he knows or believes to be false,
shall be punished….

Section 241. Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence

Whoever secretes, destroys or renders illegible
any document or electronic record which he may be lawfully compelled
to produce as evidence….

Section 242. False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution

Whoever falsely personates another,
and in such assumed character does any act in any suit or prosecution,
or in order to the commencement or continuance of any suit or prosecution….

Section 243. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution

Whoever fraudulently removes, conceals, transfers or delivers to any person
any property, or fraudulently suffers any such act to be done,
in order to prevent that property from being taken as a forfeiture….

Section 244. Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution

Whoever fraudulently accepts, receives or claims any property,
knowing that he has no right to it,
and intending thereby to prevent that property from being taken as forfeiture….

Section 245. Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due

Whoever fraudulently suffers a decree or order to be passed
against him at the suit of any person for a sum not due,
or for property not deliverable….

Section 246. Dishonestly making false claim in Court

Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to injure or annoy any person,
makes in a Court of Justice any claim which he knows to be false….

Section 247. Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due

Whoever fraudulently obtains a decree or order against any person
for a sum not due, or for property not deliverable,
shall be punished….

Section 248. False charge of offence made with intent to injure

Whoever, with intent to cause injury to any person,
institutes or causes to be instituted any criminal proceeding against that person,
or falsely charges any person with having committed an offence….

Section 249. Harbouring offender

Whoever harbours or conceals a person
whom he knows or has reason to believe to be an offender,
with the intention of screening him from legal punishment….

Section 250. Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment

Whoever accepts or obtains, or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain,
from any person, any gratification for himself or another person,
as a motive or reward for screening an offender from legal punishment….

Section 251. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender

Whoever gives or offers, or agrees to give or offer,
any gratification to any person, or restores or agrees to restore
any property to any person, in consideration of that person screening an offender….

Section 252. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.

Whoever accepts or obtains, or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain,
from any person, for himself or any other person,
any gratification as a motive or reward for helping any person to recover any movable property….

Section 253. Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered

Whoever harbours or conceals a person whom he knows or has reason to believe
to be an offender who has escaped from custody,
or whose apprehension has been ordered by a public servant….

Section 254. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits

Whoever harbours or conceals any person whom he knows
or has reason to believe to be a robber or dacoit,
shall be punished….

Section 255. Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture

Whoever, being a public servant,
knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as to the way
in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant….

Section 256. Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture

Whoever, being a public servant,
charged with the preparation of any record or other writing,
frames that record or writing in a manner which he knows to be incorrect….

Section 257. Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law

Whoever, being a public servant,
in any stage of a judicial proceeding,
corruptly makes or pronounces any report, order, verdict or decision….

Section 258. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law

Whoever, being in any office which gives him legal authority
to commit persons for trial or to confinement,
corruptly or maliciously commits any person for trial or confinement….

Section 259. Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend

Whoever, being a public servant legally bound to apprehend
any person charged with an offence,
intentionally omits to apprehend such person….

Section 260. Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed

Whoever, being a public servant legally bound to apprehend
any person under sentence of a Court,
or lawfully committed to custody….

Section 261. Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant

Whoever, being a public servant,
and having the custody of any person charged with or convicted of any offence,
negligently suffers such person to escape from confinement….

Section 262. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension

Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction
to the lawful apprehension of himself
for any offence with which he is charged or of which he has been convicted….

Section 263. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person

Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction
to the lawful apprehension of any other person
for any offence….

Section 264. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for

Whoever, being a public servant,
legally bound to apprehend or to keep in confinement any person,
intentionally omits to apprehend such person….

Section 265. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for

Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction
to the lawful apprehension of any person,
or rescues or attempts to rescue any person….

Section 266. Violation of condition of remission of punishment

Whoever knowingly violates any condition on which any remission
of punishment has been granted to him….

Section 267. Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding

Whoever intentionally offers any insult,
or causes any interruption to any public servant,
while such public servant is sitting in any stage of a judicial proceeding….

Section 268. Personation of assessor

Whoever, by personation or otherwise,
falsely represents himself to be an assessor
in any Court of Justice….

Section 269. Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court

Whoever, having been charged with an offence
and released on bail or bond,
fails without sufficient cause to appear in Court….

Section 270. Public nuisance

A person is guilty of a public nuisance
who does any act or is guilty of any illegal omission
which causes any common injury, danger or annoyance to the public….

Section 271. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life

Whoever unlawfully or negligently does any act
which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be,
likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life….

Section 272. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life

Whoever malignantly does any act
which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be,
likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life….

Section 273. Disobedience to quarantine rule

Whoever knowingly disobeys any rule
made and promulgated by the Government
for putting any vessel into a state of quarantine….

Section 274. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale

Whoever adulterates any article of food or drink,
so as to make such article noxious as food or drink,
intending to sell such article or knowing it to be likely that the same will be sold….

Section 275. Sale of noxious food or drink

Whoever sells, or offers or exposes for sale,
as food or drink, any article which has been rendered noxious,
or is in a state unfit for food or drink….

Section 276. Adulteration of drugs

Whoever adulterates any drug
so as to lessen the efficacy or change the operation of such drug,
or to make it noxious….

Section 277. Sale of adulterated drugs

Whoever knowingly sells, or offers or exposes for sale,
or issues from a dispensary for medicinal purposes,
any drug which has been adulterated….

Section 278. Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation

Whoever knowingly sells, or offers or exposes for sale,
or issues from a dispensary for medicinal purposes,
any drug as a different drug or preparation….

Section 279. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir

Whoever voluntarily corrupts or fouls the water
of any public spring or reservoir,
so as to render it less fit for the purpose for which it is ordinarily used….

Section 280. Making atmosphere noxious to health

Whoever voluntarily vitiates the atmosphere in any place
so as to make it noxious to the health of persons in general
dwelling or carrying on business in the neighbourhood….

Section 281. Rash driving or riding on a public way

Whoever drives any vehicle, or rides,
on any public way in a manner so rash or negligent
as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 282. Rash navigation of vessel

Whoever navigates any vessel
in a manner so rash or negligent
as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 283. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy

Whoever exhibits any false light, mark or buoy,
intending or knowing it to be likely
that he may thereby mislead any navigator….

Section 284. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel

Whoever knowingly or negligently conveys,
or causes to be conveyed,
any person by water for hire in any vessel in such a state….

Section 285. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation

Whoever does any act,
or omits to take order with any property in his possession or under his charge,
so as to endanger human life or to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 286. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance

Whoever does, with any poisonous substance,
any act in a manner so rash or negligent
as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 287. Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter

Whoever does, with fire or any combustible matter,
any act in a manner so rash or negligent
as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 288. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance

Whoever does, with any explosive substance,
any act in a manner so rash or negligent
as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 289. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery

Whoever does, with any machinery,
any act in a manner so rash or negligent
as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person….

Section 290. Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc.

Whoever, in pulling down, repairing or constructing any building,
or in doing any act with respect to any building,
negligently omits to take such order with that building….

Section 291. Negligent conduct with respect to animal

Whoever knowingly or negligently omits to take such order
with any animal in his possession
as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life….

Section 292. Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for

Whoever commits a public nuisance
in any case not otherwise punishable by this Sanhita….

Section 293. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue

Whoever, knowing that any lawful order
has been promulgated by a public servant directing him
to abstain from a certain act or to take certain order with certain property….

Section 294. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.

Whoever sells, lets to hire, distributes, publicly exhibits
or in any manner puts into circulation,
or for purposes of sale, hire, distribution, public exhibition or circulation….

Section 295. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child

Whoever sells, lets to hire, distributes, exhibits
or circulates to any child
any obscene object….

Section 296. Obscene acts and songs

Whoever, to the annoyance of others,
does any obscene act in any public place,
or sings, recites or utters any obscene song….

Section 297. Keeping lottery office

Whoever keeps any office or place
for the purpose of drawing any lottery
not being a State lottery or a lottery authorised by the Government….

Section 298. Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class

Whoever destroys, damages or defiles any place of worship,
or any object held sacred by any class of persons,
with the intention of thereby insulting the religion of any class of persons….

Section 299. Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs

Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention
of outraging the religious feelings of any class of citizens,
by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations….

Section 300. Disturbing religious assembly

Whoever voluntarily causes disturbance
to any assembly lawfully engaged
in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies….

Section 301. Trespassing on burial places, etc.

Whoever, with the intention of wounding the feelings of any person,
or of insulting the religion of any person,
or with the knowledge that the feelings of any person are likely to be wounded….

Section 302. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person

Whoever, with the deliberate intention of wounding the religious feelings of any person,
utters any word or makes any sound in the hearing of that person,
or makes any gesture in the sight of that person….

Section 303. Theft

Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property
out of the possession of any person without that person’s consent,
moves that property in order to such taking….

Section 304. Snatching

Theft is snatching
if, in order to commit theft,
the offender suddenly or quickly or forcibly seizes property….

Section 305. Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.

Whoever commits theft
in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling,
or used for the custody of property, or in any means of transportation….

Section 306. Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master

Whoever, being a clerk or servant,
commits theft in respect of any property in the possession of his master or employer….

Section 307. Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft

Whoever commits theft,
having made preparation for causing death, or hurt, or restraint,
or fear of death, or hurt, or restraint to any person….

Section 308. Extortion

Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury
to that person, or to any other,
and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear….

Section 309. Robbery

In all robbery there is either theft or extortion.
When theft is robbery,
the offender, for that end, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause….

Section 310. Dacoity

When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery,
or where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting
to commit a robbery….

Section 311. Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt

If, at the time of committing robbery or dacoity,
the offender uses any deadly weapon,
or causes grievous hurt to any person….

Section 312. Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon

If any person attempts to commit robbery or dacoity
when armed with any deadly weapon,
he shall be punished….

Section 313. Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc.

Whoever belongs to any gang of persons
associated for the purpose of habitually committing robbery or dacoity….

Section 314. Dishonest misappropriation of property

Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use
any movable property
shall be punished….

Section 315. Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death

Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use
property which belonged to a deceased person at the time of his death….

Section 316. Criminal breach of trust

Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property,
or with any dominion over property,
dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property….

Section 317. Stolen property

Property, the possession whereof has been transferred by theft,
or by extortion, or by robbery, or by criminal misappropriation,
or by criminal breach of trust….

Section 318. Cheating

Whoever, by deceiving any person,
fraudulently or dishonestly induces the person so deceived
to deliver any property to any person….

Section 319. Cheating by personation

A person is said to “cheat by personation”
if he cheats by pretending to be some other person,
or by knowingly substituting one person for another….

Section 320. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors

Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently removes, conceals or delivers to any person
any property belonging to himself
with intent to prevent that property from being made available….

Section 321. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors

Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand
due to himself or to any other person
from being made available for the payment of his creditors….

Section 322. Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration

Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently signs, executes or becomes a party
to any deed or instrument
which contains any false statement relating to consideration….

Section 323. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property

Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently removes, conceals, destroys or transfers
any property
with intent to prevent its lawful seizure or charge….

Section 324. Mischief

Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause,
wrongful loss or damage to the public or to any person,
causes the destruction of any property….

Section 325. Mischief by killing or maiming animal

Whoever commits mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless
any animal or animals….

Section 326. Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.

Whoever commits mischief by doing any act
which causes or which he knows to be likely to cause
diminution of the supply of water for agricultural purposes….

Section 327. Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden

Whoever commits mischief by doing any act
with intent to destroy or make unsafe any railway, aircraft,
or any vessel of a burden of twenty tons or upwards….

Section 328. Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.

Whoever intentionally runs any vessel aground or ashore
with intent to commit theft of any property contained therein….

Section 329. Criminal trespass and house-trespass

Whoever enters into or upon property in the possession of another
with intent to commit an offence
or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property….

Section 330. House-trespass and house-breaking

Whoever commits criminal trespass
by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel
used as a human dwelling or place of worship….

Section 331. Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking

Whoever commits house-trespass or house-breaking
shall be punished….

Section 332. House-trespass in order to commit offence

Whoever commits house-trespass
in order to commit any offence punishable with imprisonment….

Section 333. House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint

Whoever commits house-trespass
having made preparation for causing hurt, assault
or wrongful restraint to any person….

Section 334. Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property

Whoever dishonestly or with intent to commit mischief
breaks open or unfastens any closed receptacle
which contains or is believed to contain property….

Section 335. Making a false document

A person is said to make a false document or false electronic record
if he dishonestly or fraudulently makes, signs, seals or executes a document….

Section 336. Forgery

Whoever makes any false document or false electronic record
with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person….

Section 337. Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.

Whoever commits forgery
by making a false document purporting to be a record or proceeding of a Court….

Section 338. Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.

Whoever commits forgery
by making a false document which purports to be a valuable security or a will….

Section 339. Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine

Whoever has in his possession any document
described in section 337 or section 338,
knowing the same to be forged and intending to use it as genuine….

Section 340. Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine

Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine
any document or electronic record
which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged document….

Section 341. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338

Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or instrument
for the purpose of committing any forgery punishable under section 338….

Section 342. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material

Whoever counterfeits upon, or in any manner makes a false mark
upon any material used for authenticating any document described in section 338….

Section 343. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security

Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly,
or with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person,
cancels, destroys or defaces any will….

Section 344. Falsification of accounts

Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant,
wilfully and with intent to defraud,
destroys, alters, mutilates or falsifies any book, electronic record, paper, writing or valuable security….

Section 345. Property mark

A mark used for denoting that movable property
belongs to a particular person
is called a property mark….

Section 346. Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury

Whoever removes, destroys, defaces or adds to any property mark
with intent to cause injury to any person….

Section 347. Counterfeiting a property mark

Whoever counterfeits any property mark
used by another person
shall be punished….

Section 348. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark

Whoever makes or has in his possession
any die, plate or other instrument
for the purpose of counterfeiting a property mark….

Section 349. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark

Whoever sells, exposes or possesses for sale
any goods or things
to which a counterfeit property mark is affixed….

Section 350. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods

Whoever makes any false mark upon any case, package or other receptacle
containing goods
with intent to cause any person to believe that it contains goods of a particular description….

Section 351. Criminal intimidation

Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person,
reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of anyone
in whom that person is interested….

Section 352. Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace

Whoever intentionally insults, and thereby gives provocation to any person,
intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him
to break the public peace….

Section 353. Statements conducing to public mischief

Whoever makes, publishes or circulates any statement,
rumour or report with intent to cause, or which is likely to cause,
fear or alarm to the public….

Section 354. Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure

Whoever voluntarily causes or attempts to cause any person
to do anything which that person is not legally bound to do,
by inducing him to believe….

Section 355. Misconduct in public by a drunken person

Whoever, in a state of intoxication,
appears in any public place, or in any place which it is a trespass
to enter….

Section 358. Repeal and savings

The Indian Penal Code is hereby repealed:
Provided that notwithstanding such repeal,
anything done or any action taken under the said Code….